Bearing user's manual

    Bearing, except because original rolls wearily forms peel off the life-span, also as a result of use and storage improper that has the situation which appears the accident the early damage or can‘t use. Therefore in line with "the correct use rolling bearing and the maintenance management" is the guidelines, in order to the customer can correctly choose the suits use conditions bearing, carries on the correct assembly and the use, our company speciality compiles this "Bearing Diagnosis Handbook". Convenient for when you prevent the early damage or when has the damage, may refer to this handbook to search the reason and the research countermeasure.

一、Foreword

    When rolling bearing rolls in the process occurs damages and so on the contingency, will appear its machine，the equipment stops, the function receives the damage and so on each kind of abnormal phenomenon. Often the unexpectedly occurrence bearing early time damages and appears exceptionally. Therefore needs to find out the reason in the short-term which occurs, and takes the corresponding measure.
    The careful observation damages the bearing, the investigation lubrication condition and its the assembly ambient condition, then in detail verifies creates the accident the process, may enumerate in chooses the bearing and in the use lubrication arrangement has does not work, the countershaft or the axle sleeve research is insufficient and so on. the reason.
    But creates the bearing accident as a result of the above reason the early damage and cannot stand up to the use, this kind of early damage is different with the bearing original life, namely rolls wearily forms strips (bearing life), also distinguishes in is called the breakdown the bearing life.

二、Bearing use

2．1   Use attentive item
    Because the rolling bearing belongs to the precision machine a constituent, thus in use time requests correspondingly to hold the prudent manner. Even if has used the high performance bearing, if uses is improper, also can’t achieve the anticipated effect. Therefore, uses the bearing should pay attention to the following:

1. Should maintain the bearing and periphery partial clean. (keep dust out of )

2. Careful use. (Avoids violently attacking)

3. Uses the accurate tool. (Avoids using substitution tool)

4. Pays attention do not have to let the bearing rust. (Should wear the glove, avoids the hand the perspiration. Attention caustic gas)

2．2   Assembly
    The bearing assembly quality or not, will affect the bearing precision, the life and the performance. Therefore, please fully studies the bearing the assembly. So please defer to the following project the operation standard to carry on the bearing assembly.

1. Cleans the bearing and the related components

2. Inspects the correlation components the size and the precision work situation

3. The method of assembly

4. The inspection After bearing installment

5. The increase of lubricant

    The bearing assembly method, in the ordinary circumstances is the rotation of axis situation is in the majority. Therefore, inner rim for full coordination, outer race and bearing room coordination for gap coordination.

2．3   Locomotive inspection
    The table 2.1 has listed the revolution inspection method. In this revolution inspection if discovered the abnormal phenomenon, should stop revolving immediately, and carries on the inspection to the machine.

三、Bearing diagnosis management

    The performance which in order to facilitate which rolls the bearing has, can maintain the long-term use under the good condition, must carry on the inspection and the maintenance to the bearing. This kind of inspection and the maintenance to prevents the breakdown is very important ahead of time. The hope basis suits the machine operation condition the operation standard, carries on the periodic inspection and the maintenance, uses the following method generally.

1. Under operating condition two kind of inspections
    According to bearing rotational sounds, the vibration, the temperature inspection and the lubricant nature inspection, the lubricant supplement or the replacement time carry on the judgment.

2. Bearing inspection
    Fully observes the machine the periodic inspection and the bearing which the replacement but dismantles, whether there is inspects the roller conveyer surface condition and damages and whether or not once more uses.

四．Revolution inspection and breakdown processing

    In the revolution inspection project has the bearing to roll the sound, the vibration, the temperature, the lubrication condition and so on. The special details are as follows.
    In the revolution discovered when abnormal state, invites the reference next table:

Operating condition		Inference reason	countermeasure
noise	strong gold sound	Unusual load	Coordinate revision, research bearing windage, precompression adjustment, bearing room flange location revision
		The assembly is not good	The axis, the bearing room processing precision, installs the precision the improvement, installs the method the improvement
		The lubricant starvation, is inappropriate	Lubricant supplement, choice appropriate lubricant
		Revolves a contact	To contact and so on labyrinth type seal packing collar partially carries on the revision
	Regular sound	Because the foreign matter causes the indentation which on the roller conveyer surface forms, rusts, the scar	Replaces the bearing, the clean correlation components, the improvement packing assembly, the use pure lubricant
		Cloth indentation	Replaces the bearing, when the use special attention
		Roller conveyer surface stripping	Replaces the bearing
	Irregular sound	Windage oversized	The attention coordination and the bearing windage, carries on the revision to the precompression quantity
		Foreign matter invasion	Replaces the bearing,Cleans the correlation components, the improvement packing assembly, the use pure lubricant
		The ball bearing has the scar, strips	Replaces the bearing
Unusual temperature rise		The lubricant is too much	Suitable reduced lubricant, choice slightly thick lubricants
		The lubricant starvation, is inappropriate	Lubricant supplement, choice appropriate lubricant
		Unusual load	Coordinate revision, research bearing windage, precompression adjustment, bearing room flange location revision
		The lubricant starvation, is inappropriate	The axis, the bearing room processing precision, installs the precision the improvement, installs the method the improvement
		Fitting surface slow change Packing assembly friction oversized	Replaces the bearing, the coordinate discussion, the axle sleeve revision, the seal form change
vibrate big （the rise of the axis inspires suspends）		Cloth indentation	Replaces the bearing, when the use special attention
		Strips	Replaces the bearing
		The assembly is not good	Axis, bearing room flange verticality, bushing side verticality revision
		Foreign matter invasion	Replaces the bearing, cleans each kind of spare part, the packing assembly improvement
The lubricant divulges big color changes big		The lubricant excessively are many, the foreign matter invasion, has the attrition powder invasion and so on	The lubricant must right amount, the research replacement choice lubricant, the research replacement bearing, carries on the clean to the bearing room

4．1   The bearing rolls the sound
    Uses the sound detecting to roll the sound size to in the revolution bearing and the acoustic fidelity carries on the inspection. The bearing even if has slightly strips and so on the damage, also can send out the unusual sound agreement irregular sound, can distinguish with the sound detecting.

4．2   Bearing vibration
    In the revolution machine, through the vibration determination, then may know the bearing whether or not exceptionally, uses the special vibrotachometer (frequency analyzer and so on) to be possible to survey the vibration the size, may infer the unusual special details through the frequency distribution. Obtains the value because the bearing exploitation conditions or the sensor install the position and so on but to be different. Therefore needs beforehand to carry on the analysis comparison after each machine observed value to determine the judgment standard.
    Moreover, in the operating process, vibrates the sign from the revolution bearing to be possible very more importantly to know in advance appears exceptionally.

4．3   Bearing temperature
    The bearing temperature, may extrapolate generally by the bearing room outside temperature, if can survey the outer race temperature directly using the oil hole, then is more appropriate.
    Usually, the bearing temperature starts along with the revolution to rise slowly, after the 1~2 hour achieves the steady state. The bearing normal temperature because the machine calorific capacity, radiates good, the rotational speed and the load but is different. If lubricates, installs not appropriately, then the bearing warm can rapidly rise, can appear the unusual high temperature. By now had to stop revolving, takes the essential guard measure.

4．4   Lubricant effect
    The bearing lubricates the goal is must in constitute the bearing the roller conveyer wheel, the part which the rolling body and maintenance contacts mutually, namely in the orbital plane, in the roller face and the sliding surface forms a lubricant film, by prevented each direct contact, has the following several kind of effects.

1. reduced friction and attrition;

2. engthens the fatigue life;

3. removes the friction heat, cooling;

4. prevents the foreign matter invasion;；

5. prevented rusts with the corrosion;

4．5   Lubricant choice

    The bearing lubrication method divides into the grease lubrication and the oil lubrication two kinds approximately. In order to fully displays the bearing the function, more importantly acts according to the exploitation conditions and the use goal, uses the appropriate lubrication method.
    （1）Grease lubrication
    The lubricant is the lubricant which by the base oil, the thickening agent and the chemical additive is composed. When will choose, should choose suits extremely in the bearing exploitation conditions lubricant, even if is the homogeneous lubricant, because the trademark is different, also will be able to have the very big difference in the performance. Therefore is choosing, must pay attention. (Next catalogs lubricant thickness and use example)
    （2）Oil lubrication
    The oil lubrication method has the oil bath law, the drop oil lubrication law, the splash lubrication system, the circulating lubrication, sprays the lubrication, the atomization lubrication as well as the oil gas lubrication. Compares with the grease lubrication, suits in the high speed high temperature use. Specially needs when sends out the quantity of heat to outside, the oil lubrication is quite appropriate.
    In the oil lubrication situation, considered to the bearing revolution temperature, very important is the choice suitable viscosity lubricating oil. In the ordinary circumstances, transfers the belt quickly, more must use the low viscosity oil, the load is bigger, more must use the high viscosity the lubricating oil.
    Under the ordinary exploitation conditions, its revolution temperature, designated shows the viscosity standard for the next table.

    4．6   Lubricant supplement and replacement
    （1）Lubricant supplement time interval
    The lubricant passes through after period of time uses, the characteristic can change the difference, the lubrication function also can reduce, therefore must at the right moment supplement the lubricant, the lubricant supplements the time interval to be able because of the bearing form, the size and the rotational speed and so on but is different.
    Moreover, when the bearing temperature surpasses in 70 ℃ situations, the bearing temperature rises every time 15℃, must cause when the supplement separates the time decay one half.
    （2）Lubricating oil replacement cycle
    The lubricating oil replacement cycle and so on but is different because of the exploitation conditions and the oil mass. In the ordinary circumstances, in the revolution temperature is below 50, when under the dust few good environment uses, a year replaces time. When the oil temperature achieved when 100, takes for 3 months or a shorter time replaces time.

五．Bearing damage diagnosis data sheet